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The Congregational Holiness Church, a Pentecostal organization holding to Wesleyan doctrine, was established in 1921 as a result of a disagreement within the Pentecostal Holiness Church (PHC) over the role of medicine in divine healing. Many early Pentecostals, including PHC leaders, eschewed human remedies (such as physicians or medicine) and instead encouraged believers to seek divine healing, which they taught was provided for in Christ's atonement. This rejection of modern medicine was not universally held in the PHC. When evangelist Watson Sorrow and Hugh Bowling disagreed with the PHC on this and other issues, they were forced to leave the PHC in 1920. They - along with a handful of other ministers and churches - organized the CHC in High Shoals, Georgia in 1921. The CHC was organized along congregational lines, differing from the PHC's episcopal polity, in an attempt to democratize church governance.

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